Welcome to the DUTlab Space Agency. Be fast!. We have an emergancy right now.
A meteroite will hit Mars. We must inform our astronauts that they must leave immediately.
Which data transmission method do you think will be further?

LCRD
The mission will use lasers to encode and transmit data at rates 10 to 100 times better than
radio systems, using significantly less mass and power. The wavelength of the laser light is
orders of magnitude shorter than radio waves, meaning the energy is not spread out as much
as it travels through space.
-Advantage(vs RF):
● The amount of data sent is higher.
● It needs less power when sending data at the same rate as RF
● Satellites that used for data transmission have smaller size and smaller mass than
satellites that used in radio waves.
-Disadvantages:
● Data transmission does not occur in cloudy and stormy weather.

Radio technology, transmission and detection of communication signals consisting of
electromagnetic waves that travel through the air in a straight line or by reflection from the
The stationary satellite provides almost 24/7 communication that is interrupted
ionosphere or from a communications satellite.
-Advantages:

● Radio waves can be transmitted at a wider angle.
-Disadvantage: Space waves reflect off objects and can be blocked if the object is between
transmitter and receiver.

We have a big problem. The sun is between Mars and Earth. Our data encounters a
major barrier. In this case, data arrives at the destination with a delay. We want to minimize this
waste of time. Which system do you think is more useful for us?

DTN
Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is NASA’s solution to reliable internetworking for
space missions.
DTN provides assured delivery of data using automatic store-and-forward mechanisms.
Each data packet that is received is forwarded immediately if possible, but stored for future
transmission if forwarding is not currently possible but is expected to be possible in the future.
Advantage:
● DTN enables more reliable and efficient data transmissions resulting in more usable
bandwidth. DTN also improves link reliability by having multiple network paths and
assets for potential communication hops.
The DTN protocol suite allows for many priority levels to be set for different data types,
ensuring that the most important data is received ahead of less important data.
Disadvantages
● Data transmission time becomes longer

The communications system consists of a satellite in orbit around Mars, one
in orbit around the sun, and ground stations on Earth.
The satellite over the Mars settlement is an areostationary satellite,
the Mars equivalent of a geostationary satellite. It is always
in the same place in the sky on Mars, receiving data from the
settlement and transmitting it to Earth. On Earth the data is
received by ground stations using large satellite dishes. The areostationary
satellite enables almost 24/7 communication, which is interrupted
only when Mars is in between the satellite and the Earth.
This is solved by placing a second satellite in an orbit
around the sun. It will follow the same orbit as the Earth does but
trails 60 degrees behind it in the L5 Lagrangian point of the Sun-Earth
system. With this second satellite in place, when Mars is in between the
areostationary satellite and the Earth, the signal can be relayed by the
second satellite. Once every 26 months, the Sun is exactly
in between Mars and the Earth. This occultation lasts about six
weeks. The second communications satellite will also be used to relay
signals during this period.
Advantages:
● Elimination of this 2-week data transmission interruption.
Disadvantages:
● When the Sun is in between Mars and the Earth and at the same time
Mars is in between the areosynchronous satellite and the second
satellite, we will have no contact with Mars for about two hours.

Mustafa,Kemal will go to Mars the spaceship named Atatürk.Our astronauts will conduct research
at two different sites of mount Olympos. But they will not be able to communicate because of the
barrier between them. How a system can be used to solve this problem

Satellite should be added
● By using this system, communication between astronauts who have a long
distance between them is provided through satellites. The signals from the
radio of the first astronauts are transmitted to the satellite.
Then they are transmitted from the satellite to the second astronaut.

Bluetooth networks transmit data in the form of low power radio waves.
It communicates between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz at a frequency.
One of the methods used to prevent Bluetooth devices from being affected by other devices
is to send a very weak signal at the level of 1 milliwatt. It allows a device
to broadcast multiple times simultaneously, using a method known
as Bluetooth spread-spectrum frequency hopping. In this technique, there
are 79 independent frequencies with predetermined frequency range values, one
of which is randomly selected. It changes regularly from one
to another. Under these conditions of Bluetooth, the transmitter
changes the frequency 1600 times in one second. So
more devices can make full use of the limited radio frequency zone.
Disadvantage:
● Ability to send data up to 10 meters.

There are two astronauts on Mars. There must always be at least 1 astronaut at the research station
on Mars. The other astronaut can go on an expedition. The positioning system of the
Astronaut on an expedition has been broken. First astronaut sent a message
to the mission center in the world and the research station
on Mars at the same time to report the situation. The other
astronaut needs permission from the space station on earth to leave
the research center. Which solution can be able to connect
to other astronout and earth?

Quantum
Entanglement is a phenomenon unique to quantum mechanics. According
to quantum physics, two similar particles are in synchronicity with
each other. Even if these particles are at very long distances
from each other in separate places, what happens in one
affects the other in the same way. In simpler terms,
assuming that twin siblings are in separate countries, a
sibling raising his right hand means raising his
right hand in his brother in the other country. According to
this theory, data transmission can occur faster than the speed of light

There is distortion in the data sent to us from Mars due to electromagnetic waves from the sun.
This reduces the quality of the data. How can this problem be overcome?

DSOC
Communications between space and ground will employ novel,
advanced lasers in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic
spectrum. These systems will be capable of delivering information
rates at least 10 times faster than conventional systems
that use comparable mass and power.
Key DSOC technologies developed for the project
include: a low-mass spacecraft disturbance isolation and pointing
assembly; a high-efficiency flight laser transmitter; and a pair
of high-efficiency photon counting detector arrays
for the flight optical transceiver and the ground-based receiver.
These technologies are integrated into the DSOC flight laser transmitter
and ground-based receiver to enable photon-efficient communications
with the capability to discern faint laser signals from background "noise" contributed
by solar energy scattered by the Earth's atmosphere.
Advantages:
● Reduces background noise.

Our astronaut working on Mars has sent the wish list to the world to use Mars. But he forgot
to ask for his favorite dvd's. He later sent a message again, but he doesn't know if this
message was delivered to the world. How can I get this information?

Seen?
A feedback must be given that a message sent from Mars is being transmitted. İf this feedback
is not provided, it cannot be known whether the message has been transmitted. Because the
message travels unilaterally through in space to Earth. Because this
message can be missed by stations around the world, the message can be lost in space.

Today is the birthday of the daughter of one of our astronauts. She wants to send a gift to
her daughter. She can order online. But the internet is not used here.
Some infrastructure work is being done to solve this problem. Which one is not one of these
studies?

LCRD
The mission will use lasers to encode and transmit data at rates 10 to 100 times better than
radio systems, using significantly less mass and power. The wavelength of the laser light is
orders of magnitude shorter than radio waves, meaning the energy is not spread out as much
as it travels through space.
-Advantage(vs RF):
● The amount of data sent is higher.
● It needs less power when sending data at the same rate as RF
● Satellites that used for data transmission have smaller size and smaller mass than
satellites that used in radio waves.
-Disadvantages:
● Data transmission does not occur in cloudy and stormy weather.

DTN
Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is NASA’s solution to reliable internetworking for
space missions.
DTN provides assured delivery of data using automatic store-and-forward mechanisms.
Each data packet that is received is forwarded immediately if possible, but stored for future
transmission if forwarding is not currently possible but is expected to be possible in the future.
Advantage:
● DTN enables more reliable and efficient data transmissions resulting in more usable
bandwidth. DTN also improves link reliability by having multiple network paths and
assets for potential communication hops.
The DTN protocol suite allows for many priority levels to be set for different data types,
ensuring that the most important data is received ahead of less important data.
Disadvantages
● Data transmission time becomes longer

Satellite should be added
● By using this system, communication between astronauts who have a long
distance between them is provided through satellites. The signals from the
radio of the first astronauts are transmitted to the satellite.
Then they are transmitted from the satellite to the second astronaut.

Radio Waves(Wi-Fi)
Wireless network ports actually work the same as the router modems we know and are systems
that generate small radio waves. Connection is performed at 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz radio frequency,
depending on the IEEE 802.11 protocol, which is supported jointly by the wireless access points and the device.
The data is sent and received in accordance with the CSMA / CA
(Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) protocol, thus solving
the problem of error during the transmission of packets.